Russian high-power transmitting tubes (power triodes and tetrodes) began production as early as the 1930s, primarily for military, industrial, and broadcasting applications. The earliest models were based on European and American designs, but the Soviet Union eventually developed its own.
These tubes featured a glass envelope with a metal base and were often cooled by air or liquid due to their high output. They were used in radio transmitters, radar systems, and military communications. Notable Soviet manufacturers included factories such as Svetlana in Leningrad and Minsk Radio Works.